OPEN ANTHROPOLOGY

Why is Anthropology Linked to Counterinsurgency?

November 9, 2007 · No Comments

Still speaking of comments posted in the discussion on the AAA’s new blog, I noted that one writer in particular posted the following reasonable objection, one that unveils certain facts that I myself have downplayed:

Recently, I listened to McFate, the HTS [Human Terrain System] designer, present the basic structure of the HTS as well as her justification for it to an audience of anthropologists. In the cracks of her official presentation, we found out that, of the 12 people who are currently part of the HTS, only a few are anthropologists. Others hold degrees in international relations, history, sociology, economy, and psychology. Why, then, is there a link between the HTS and anthropology and what’s the problem with it?

The link has been instigated by the fact that its designer is an anthropologist and the talk of ethnography, participant-observation, and culture in the HTS documents. The media has helped establish the notion that HTS pertains particularly to anthropology. But given who the members of the HTS are and the kind of work they apparently do, the notion that the HTS is tightly linked to anthropology is as warranted as the association of HTS with say, history.

I believe that the part of the statement that I have underlined above makes the association between anthropology and HTS largely valid. These are critical points. It is not difficult to overlook the involvement of other professionals, especially as they may have been recruited out of even greater desperation. The selling points here have been indeed, culture, knowledge of the Other, participant observation, and ethnography. I said in another post that anthropology is thus a victim of its own success in achieving precisely that which anthropologists continue to claim to lack: recognition of the special skills of anthropology.

Now, that anthropological skills should be so specially suited to counterinsurgency should give us all pause (all, except for those institutions in “former” colonies which have banished anthropology–and here I think specifically of my own alma mater, The University of the West Indies). It should give us more than just pause, and compel us to think in broader terms than just mere, seemingly superficial, apparent coincidences. Decolonizing anthropology will have to involve either totally transforming or simply terminating those dimensions that render anthropology so recruitable, and so fruiful in the hands of opportunists graduated by Yale.

Categories: COLONIALISM/IMPERIALISM · DECOLONIZATION · MANIFESTO · THE LEANING IVORY TOWER OF ACADEMIA
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Politics and Ethics: Anthropologists and Human Terrain Systems

November 9, 2007 · 1 Comment

I thought it might be best to wait and see how the discussion on the AAA’s new blog unfolded before engaging in any attempt at serious commentary. However, having captured my attention since it directly spoke to my own, and related posts there, I decided to clarify some thoughts, especially as I think that certain issues are (perhaps) the target of deliberate obfuscation (in the name of clarity, of course).

First, I wrote:

I do not want to see a discussion that is fundamentally about politics being displaced into the muddier field of ethics. This is not to dismiss ethics, but rather to make certain that we are focused on the politics behind the ethics, and stand up for those politics. The contention at the centre of our attention goes well beyond professionalism.

By issuing this statement, the AAA Executive Board has already done a lot to positively enhance anthropology’s political profile in a world where the politics of anthropology are precisely what have been under dispute.

Had the AAA not taken such a measure, then rest assured that I for one would have been very keen to start an international movement to boycott American anthropology, and specifically the AAA.

Yes, the last paragraph was definitely written out of anger, but I do not apologize for it.

In addition to my post above, others have made the following comments. One, seemingly in agreement, wrote:

I’d like to expand the existing debate on ethics and move beyond it. The question, for me, is not whether HTS violates the anthropological code of ethics. I believe that it does. But so do many other anthropological engagements the AAA does not oppose. And this where politics enters the game….the decision to condemn this, but not other violations, is a political decision.

I agree, and I am not agreeing to then dismiss the argument because it is “political” (treated as a bad word by some of the most diabolically political-minded speakers in the US media and US party politics). What is needed is clarity in our use of terms and specificity about the values to which one adheres.

Another commentator, purporting to seek clarity, actually clouds the issue further and tries to set the discussion back to one of self-serving professionalism:

We are not, after all, talking about whether one war or another is good or bad, whether all war is good or bad, whether it is right for an anthropologist to get involved in this or that war etc.; we are talking about whether it is professionally responsible for anthropologists to use their professional skills and abilities to assist in warmaking.

Do you see the problem in that statement? It comes at the end, that “we” should be talking about whether it is “professionally responsible” to assist in warmaking, using one’s “professional skills.” Then why would the issue of warmaking be the salient one? Clearly, assisting the warmakers only becomes problematic if you think that war is itself a problem. That is a political question, not a professional one.

This confusion is in part due to the diverse, valid, interpretations of the meaning of “ethics.” In some treatments, ethics is clearly about motivations based on ideas of what is right or wrong. In other treatments, ethics is about the principles, standards, and rules of personal conduct (especially as a professional these days). The AAA code of ethics is clearly about delimiting the exercise of power and is therefore intimately connected to the political.

Ethics are subservient to politics, and never more so than in war.

Categories: COLONIALISM/IMPERIALISM · DECOLONIZATION · THE LEANING IVORY TOWER OF ACADEMIA
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Anthropologists React to the AAA Statement on the Ethics of Counterinsurgency Research

November 9, 2007 · No Comments

Readers can quickly see the comments being posted by anthropologists, predominantly American, ranging from students to senior professors, by

clicking on this link.

These comments are posted with reference to the recent release of a statement from the Executive Board of the American Anthropological Association on the Human Terrain System Project.

The concluding two paragraphs of the statement have struck me as especially poignant:

In the context of a war that is widely recognized as a denial of human rights and based on faulty intelligence and undemocratic principles, the Executive Board sees the HTS project as a problematic application of anthropological expertise, most specifically on ethical grounds. We have grave concerns about the involvement of anthropological knowledge and skill in the HTS project. The Executive Board views the HTS project as an unacceptable application of anthropological expertise.

The Executive Board affirms that anthropology can and in fact is obliged to help improve U.S. government policies through the widest possible circulation of anthropological understanding in the public sphere, so as to contribute to a transparent and informed development and implementation of U.S. policy by robustly democratic processes of fact-finding, debate, dialogue, and deliberation. It is in this way, the Executive Board affirms, that anthropology can legitimately and effectively help guide U.S. policy to serve the humane causes of global peace and social justice.

Current members of the Executive Board are:

President
Alan Goodman
Natural Science
Hampshire College
Amherst, MA 01002
(o) 413/ 559-5372
(f) 413/ 559-5448
agoodman@hampshire.edu

President-elect
Setha M Low
Public Space Research Group
The Graduate Center of the
University of New York
365 Fifth Ave.
New York,NY 10016
(o) 212/ 817-8725
(f) 631/ 329-7358
slow@gc.cuny.edu

Secretary
Dan Segal
Department of Anthropology
Pitzer College
Claremont, CA 91711
(o) (909) 607/3645
(f) (909) 626-3412
dsegal@pitzer.edu

Archaeology Seat
Deborah L. Nichols
Department of Anthropology
6047 Silsby Hall
Dartmouth College
Hanover, NH 03755-4030
(o) 603/ 646-3033
(f) 603/ 646-1140
deborah.l.nichols@dartmouth.edu

Biological Seat
Thomas L Leatherman
Department of Anthropology
University of South Carolina
Columbia, SC 29208
(o) 803/ 777-7261
(f) 803/ 777-0259
leatherman@sc.edu

Cultural Seat
Ellen Lewin
Dept of Women’s Studies
Univ of Iowa
Iowa City, IA 52242
(o) (319) 335-0322
(f) (319) 335-0314
ellen-lewin@uiowa.edu

Linguistic Seat
Monica S. Heller
Centre Franco-Ontarian Studies
252 Bloor St W
6th Flr OISE
Toronto, Ontario M5S 1V6
CANADA
(o) 416/923 6641 ext. 2549
(f) 416/926 4714
mheller@oise.utoronto.ca

Minority Seat
Judy Y. Tso
Aha Solutions Unlimited
7921 Kentbury Drive
Bethesda, MD 20814
judytso@ahasolutions.org

Practicing/Professional
J. Anthony Paredes
12 Willow Glen NE
Atlanta, GA 30342
janthonyparedes@bellsouth.net

Student Seat
Jennifer L Jackson
2200 19th St NW Apt 707
Washington, DC 20009
(f) (773) 834-8700
jennifer.jackson@yale.edu

Undesignated #1
Theodore C Bestor
Dept of Anthropology
33 Kirkland St 420
Wm James Hall
Harvard University
Cambridge, MA 02138
(o) (617) 496-6539
(f) (617) 496-8355
bestor@wjh.harvard.edu

Undesignated #2
Leith Mullings
365 Fifth Ave
New York, NY 10016
(o) 212/ 817-8009
(f) 212/ 666-4076
lmullings@gc.cuny.edu

Undesignated #3
Sally Engle Merry
New York University
25 Waverly Place
New York, NY 10003
(o) 212-998 8564
sally.merry@nyu.edu

Undesignated #4
Ed Liebow
Ctr for Public Health & Educ
1100 Dexter Ave N Ste 400
Battele Seattle Research
Seattle, WA 98109-3598
(o) (206) 528-3155
(f) (206) 528-3550
liebowe@battelle.org

Undesignated #5
Peter S. Allen
Department of Anthropology
Rhode Island College
Providence, RI 02908
(o) 401/ 456-9639
(f) 401/ 456-9736
pallen@ric.edu

Ex-Officio
Section Assembly Convenor
Susan Sutton
7931 Ferrell Ln
Indianapolis, IN 46260-4907
(o) 317/278-1265
(f) 317/278-2213
ssutton@iupui.edu

Categories: COLONIALISM/IMPERIALISM · DECOLONIZATION · THE LEANING IVORY TOWER OF ACADEMIA
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