OPEN ANTHROPOLOGY

A listing of sources referred to in this blog, background reading, and recommended reading. Abstracts are provided when possible. This page was created on 10 Oct. 2007, and will be subject to considerable expansion with the passage of time.

Alatas, Syed Farid. (2005). Indigenization: Features and problems. In Jan van Bremen, et al, eds., Asian Anthropology, pp. 227-243. London: Routledge.

Amselle J.L. (1998). Mestizo logics: Anthropology of identity in Africa and elsewhere.
Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Transl. C. Royal (From French) .

Apter, Andrew. (1999). Africa, empire, and anthropology: A philological exploration of anthropology’s Heart of Darkness. Annual Review of Anthropology 28: 577-598.
ABSTRACT
As an artifact of imperial culture, Africanist anthropology is historically associated with the colonization of Africa in ways that undermine the subdiscipline’s claims of neutrality and objectivity. A critical literature on the ideological and discursive inventions of Africa by the West challenges the very possibility of Africanist anthropology, to which a variety of responses have emerged. These range from historical reexaminations of imperial discourses, colonial interactions, and fieldwork in Africa, including dialogical engagements with the very production of ethnographic texts, to a more dialectical anthropology of colonial spectacle and culture as it was coproduced and reciprocally determined in imperial centers and peripheries. Understood philologically, as an imperial palimpsest in ethnographic writing, the colonial legacy in Africanist ethnography can never be negated, but must be acknowledged under the sign of its erasure.

Argyrou, Vassos. (2002). Anthropology and the will to meaning: A postcolonial critique. London: Pluto Press.

Arens, W. (1979). The man-eating myth: Anthropology and anthropophagy. New York: Oxford University Press.

Asad, Talal. (1973). Introduction. In Talal Asad, ed., Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter, pp. 9-19. London: Ithaca Press.

Asad, Talal. (1991). From the history of colonial anthropology to the anthropology of Western hegemony. In George Stocking, ed., Colonial Situations: Essays on the Contextualization of Ethnographic Knowledge, pp. 314-324. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.

Barnard, Alan. (2006). Kalahari revisionism, Vienna and the ‘Indigenous Peoples’ debate. Social Anthropology 14(1): 1-16.

Barnard, Alan. (1998). Review: Invention and transformation in anthropological traditions.” Current Anthropology 39(2) April: 283-285.

Basch, L., L. Saunders, J. Sharp & J. Peacock (eds). (1999). Transforming academia: challenges and opportunities for an engaged anthropology. Arlington, Va: American Anthropological Association.

Berreman, Gerald. (1968). Is anthropology alive? Social responsibility in social anthropology. Current Anthropology 9: 391-396.

Besteman, Catherine and Hugh Gusterson. (2008). A response to Matti Bunzl: Public anthropology, pragmatism, and pundits. American Anthropologist 110 (1): 61-63.
ABSTRACT
Discussing only two out of 11 chapters, Matti Bunzl argues that Why America’s Top Pundits Are Wrong (2005) embodies an excessively deconstructive approach that undermines public anthropology by opposing all generalization. In fact, the contributors to the Pundits volume come from a variety of intellectual positions, some unfriendly to deconstructionism. In a book that is deliberately jargon free, the contributors are unified not by postmodernism but by pragmatism. They oppose generalizations that are manifestly ideological and untrue, not all generalizations. The point of the book is not to nitpick generalizations but to unmask media apologetics for neoliberalism and neoconservatism that misuse core terms (e.g., culture, ethnicity, human nature, gender) from the anthropological lexicon. We advocate a revitalized public anthropology based on grounded research, translation of sophisticated anthropological knowledge into accessible English, and a passionate concern for the well-being of those at the sharp end of neoliberal globalization. [Keywords: globalization, neoliberalism, public anthropology, media, inequality]

Beteille, Andre. (1998). The idea of indigenous people. Current Anthropology 39(2) April: 187-191.

Biolsi, Thomas, and Larry J. Zimmerman, eds. (1997). Indians and anthropologists: Vine Deloria, Jr., and the critique of anthropology. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.

Blakey, Michael L. (1991). Man and nature, White and Other. In Faye Harrison, ed., Decolonizing Anthropology: Moving Further Toward an Anthropology for Liberation, pp. 15-23. Washington, DC: Association of Black Anthropologists, American Anthropological Association.

Borneman, John. (1995). American anthropology as foreign policy. American Anthropologist 97 (4): 663-672.
ABSTRACT
In the United States, the discipline of English literature and language has cohered around modeling domestic policy, while anthropology has cohered around modeling foreign policy. This is illustrated by way of anthropology’s relation to the conceptual apparatus created in United States Indian policy as part of a global strategy in mapping foreignness. The author suggests an alternative outline for a history and calls for an expanded and self-conscious (re)vision of anthropology’s role in constituting international order.

Borofsky, Robert. (2000). Public anthropology. Where to? What next? Anthropology News 41 (5):9-10.

Borofsky, Robert. (2007). Public anthropology: A personal perspective. Public Anthropology Website. Retrieved November 5, 2007, from http://www.publicanthropology.org/Defining/publicanth-07Oct10.htm.

Bourdieu, Pierre. (1991). The peculiar history of scientific reason. Sociological Forum 6(1): 3-26.

Bourdieu, Pierre, and Loïc Wacquant. (1999). On the cunning of imperialist reason. Theory, Culture & Society 16(1): 41-58.

Bourdieu, Pierre. (2003). Colonialism and ethnography. Anthropology Today 19 (2) April: 13-18.

Bowen, John R. (2000). Should we have a universal concept of ‘Indigenous Peoples’ rights’? Ethnicity and essentialism in the twenty-first century. Anthropology Today 16(4) August: 12-16.

Brainard, Jeffery. (2008). U.S. Defense Secretary asks universities for new cooperation. Chronicle of Higher Education, April 16. Retrieved April 16, 2008, from
http://chronicle.com/news/article/4316/us-defense-secretary-asks-universities-for-new-cooperation

Brightman, Robert. (1995). Forget culture: Replacement, transcendence, relexification. Cultural Anthropology 10(4) November: 509-546.

Brown, Richard. (1979). Passages in the life of a White anthropologist: Max Gluckman in Northern Rhodesia. The Journal of African History 20 (4): 525-541.

Bugeja, Michael. (2008). Harsh realities about virtual ones. Inside Higher Ed, March 11. Retrieved March 12, 2008, from
http://insidehighered.com/views/2008/03/11/bugeja

Bunzl, Matti. (2004). Boas, Foucault, and the ‘native anthropologist’: Notes toward a neo-Boasian anthropology. American Anthropologist 106 (3): 435-442.

Bunzl, Matti. (2008). The quest for anthropological relevance: Borgesian Maps and epistemological pitfalls. American Anthropologist 110 (1): 53-60.
ABSTRACT
In this essay, I critique the currently dominant mode of American sociocultural anthropology. Through a historical reading of canonical texts from the 1970s to the 1990s, I trace some of contemporary anthropology’s limitations and probe their implications for the possibility of a publicly engaged discipline. I focus my critique on the demand for ever-increasing complexity, identifying it as an implicit form of positivism that renders the results of anthropological inquiries increasingly irrelevant to the big questions of the day. Epistemologically speaking, contemporary anthropology is thus not radical enough. In conclusion, I mobilize the Weberian-Boasian tradition as the most viable alternative to sociocultural anthropology’s status quo. [Keywords: sociocultural anthropology, positivism, Boas, Geertz, Writing Culture]

Bunzl, Matti. (2008b). A reply to Besteman and Gusterson: Swinging the pendulum. American Anthropologist 110 (1): 64-65.
ABSTRACT
In this rejoinder to Catherine Besteman and Hugh Gusterson, I clarify that my essay “The Quest for Anthropological Relevance: Borgesian Maps and Epistemological Pitfalls” is not primarily a critique of their volume Why America’s Top Pundits Are Wrong (2005). Instead, I maintain that it takes issue with the current state of sociocultural anthropology and its inability to communicate with a larger public sphere. In conclusion, I reflect on the historical location of my argument, likening my position to advocacy for a swing in the discipline’s epistemological pendulum and finding additional cause for such action in the realities of the current political moment. [Keywords: epistemology, politics, the public sphere]

Carpenter, Edmund. (1972). Oh, what a blow that phantom gave me! Full text available online at: http://mediatedcultures.net/phantom/phantom.html.

Carpenter, Edmund. (1989). Assassins and cannibals or I got me a small mind and I means to use it.” Society for Visual Anthropology Newsletter 5 (1): 12.

Cerroni-Long, E.L. (nd). Introduction: Insider or native anthropology? NAPA Bulletin 16: 1-16.

Churchill, Ward. (2005). “Some people push back”: On the justice of roosting chickens. Retrieved December 7, 2007, from http://www.kersplebedeb.com/mystuff/s11/churchill.html.

Cobb, Amanda J. (2006). Powerful medicine: The rhetoric of Comanche activist LaDonna Harris. Studies in American Indian Literatures (SAIL) 18(4): 63-85.

Colchester, Marcus. (2002). Indigenous rights and the collective conscious. Anthropology Today 18(1) February: 1-3.

Cole, John W. (1977). Anthropology comes part-way home: Community studies in Europe. Annual Review of Anthropology 6: 349-378.

Comaroff, Jean. (1985). Body of power, spirit of resistance: The culture and history of a
South African people. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Comaroff, Jean, and John L. Comaroff. (1991). Of revelation and revolution: Christianity, colonialism, and consciousness in South Africa, Vol. 1. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Comaroff, Jean, and John L. Comaroff. (1992). Ethnography and the historical imagination. Boulder, CO: Westview.

Comaroff, Jean, and John L. Comaroff. (1997). Of revelation and revolution: Christianity, colonialism, and consciousness in South Africa, Vol. 2. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Coombes, A. (1994). Reinventing Africa: Museums, material culture and popular
imagination. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Deloria, Vine, Jr. (1969). Custer died for your sins : An Indian manifesto. New York: Macmillan.

Diamond, Stanley. (1964). A revolutionary discipline. Current Anthropology 5: 432-437.

Diop, C.A. (1991). Civilization or barbarism: An authentic anthropology. Westport, CT:
Hill. Transl. Y. Ngemi (From French).

Dirks, Nicholas B. (1999). The crimes of colonialism: Anthropology and the textualization of India. In Peter Pels and Oscar Salemink, eds., Colonial Subjects: Essays on the Practical History of Anthropology, pp. 153-179. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Edwards, Elizabeth, ed. 1992. Anthropology and photography, 1860-1920. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Ellingson, Ter. (2001). The myth of the noble savage. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Ephron, Dan and Silvia Spring. (2008). A gun in one hand, a pen in the other: The Army is spending millions to hire ‘experts’ to analyze Iraqi society. If only they could find some. Newsweek, April 12. Retrieved April 16, 2008, from
http://www.newsweek.com/id/131752

Evans, Grant. (2005). Indigenous and indigenized anthropology in Asia. In Jan van Bremen, et al, eds., Asian Anthropology, pp. 43-55. London: Routledge.

Fabian, Johannes. (1983). Time and the other: How anthropology makes its object. New York: Columbia University Press.

Fabian, Johannes. (1990). Power and performance: Ethnographic explorations through proverbial wisdom and theater in Shaba, Zaire. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

Fabian, Johannes. (1991). Time and the work of anthropology: Critical essays, 1971-1991. Reading: Harwood Academic Publishers.

Fahim, Hussein, ed. (1982). Indigenous anthropology in non-western countries: Proceedings of a Burg Wartenstein symposium. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.

Feuchtwang, Stephan. (1973). The colonial formation of British social anthropology. In Talal Asad, ed., Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter, pp. 71-100. London: Ithaca Press.

Forte, Maximilian C. (2004). Co-construction and field creation: Website development as both an instrument and relationship in action research. In Elizabeth Buchanan, ed., Virtual Research Ethics: Issues and Controversies, pp. 222-248. Hershey, PA: Idea Group.

Forte, Maximilian C. (2005a). Centering the links: Understanding cybernetic patterns of co-production, circulation and consumption. In Christine Hine, ed. Virtual Methods: Issues in Social Research on the Internet, pp. 93-106. Oxford: Berg.

Forte, Maximilian C. (2005b). Website development in action research. In Stewart Marshall, Wal Taylor, Xinghuo Yu, eds., The Encyclopedia of Developing Regional Communities with ICT, pp. 729-734. Hershey, PA: Idea Reference Group.

Forte, Maximilian C. (2007). Ethnography. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 2nd ed. Editor-in-Chief, William A. Darty. Farmington Hills, MI: Macmillan Reference USA: 99-101.

Galtung, Johan. (1967). After Camelot. In Irving Horowitz, ed., The Rise and Fall of Project Camelot. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Gates, Robert M. (2008). Speech to the Association of American Universities, Washington, D.C. As Delivered by Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates, Washington D.C., Monday, April 14, 2008. Retrieved April 16, 2008, from
http://www.defenselink.mil/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=1228

Geertz, Clifford. (1988). Works and lives: The anthropologist as author. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Goodenough, Ward H. (2002). Anthropology in the 20th century and beyond. American Anthropologist 104 (2): 423-440.

Gough, Kathleen. (1968). New proposals for anthropologists. Current Anthropology 9: 403-407.

Guenther, Mathias, et al. (2006). Discussion: The concept of indigeneity. Social Anthropology 14(1): 17-32.

Guess, Andy. (2008). Blogs and wikis and 3D, oh my! Inside Higher Ed. 09 May. Retrieved 10 May, 2008, from http://insidehighered.com/news/2008/05/09/blogs.

Gulbenkian Commission. (1996). Open the Social Sciences: Report of the Gulbenkian Commission on the Restructuring of the Social Sciences. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Gusterson, Hugh. (2007). Anthropology and militarism. Annual Review of Anthropology 36: 155-175.

Harrison, Faye V. (1991a). Anthropology as an agent of transformation: Introductory comments and queries. In Faye Harrison, ed., Decolonizing Anthropology: Moving Further Toward an Anthropology for Liberation, pp. 1-14. Washington, DC: Association of Black Anthropologists, American Anthropological Association.

Harrison, Faye V. (1991b). Ethnography as politics. In Faye Harrison, ed., Decolonizing Anthropology: Moving Further Toward an Anthropology for Liberation, pp. 88-109. Washington, DC: Association of Black Anthropologists, American Anthropological Association.

Heredia, Christopher and Kevin Fagan. (2007/10/6). Native Americans ask UC Berkeley to return museum artifacts. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved October 5, 2007, from http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/10/06/BA6LSL3H4.DTL.

Hine, Christine. (2000). Virtual ethnography. London: Sage.

Hine, Christine. (2005). Virtual methods: Issues in social research on the Internet. Oxford: Berg.

Horvath, Ronald J. (1972). A definition of colonialism. Current Anthropology 13(1): 45-57.

Huizer, Gerrit. (1979). Anthropology and politics: From naiveté toward liberation? In Gerrit Huizer and Bruce Mannheim, eds., The Politics of Anthropology: From Colonialism and Sexism Toward a View from Below, pp. 3-41. The Hague: Mouton Publishers.

Huizer, Gerrit and Bruce Mannheim, eds. (1979). The politics of anthropology: From colonialism and sexism toward a view from below. The Hague: Mouton Publishers.

Hymes. Dell, ed. (1974). Reinventing anthropology. New York: Random House. 2nd ed.

Jacobs-Huey, Lanita. (2002). The natives are gazing and talking back: Reviewing the problematics of positionality, voice, and accountability among ‘native’ anthropologists. American Anthropologist 104 (3): 791-804.

Jahoda, Gustav. (1999). Images of savages: Ancient roots of modern prejudice in Western culture. London: Routledge.

James, Wendy. (1973). The anthropologist as reluctant imperialist. In Talal Asad, ed., Anthropology and the Colonial Encounter, pp. 41-69. London: Ithaca Press.

Jaschik, Scott. (2007). Are IRBs needed for war zones? Indide Higher Ed. October 22. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2007/10/22/anthro

Jaschik, Scott. (2007). Ethics and engagement with the military. Inside Higher Ed., November 29. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2007/11/29/anthro

Jaschik, Scott. (2007). Questions, anger and dissent on ethics study. Inside Higher Ed. November 20. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2007/11/30/anthro

Jaschik, Scott. (2008). Abandoning print, not peer review. Inside Higher Ed. February 28. Retrieved February 29, 2008, from
http://insidehighered.com/news/2008/02/28/open

Jaschik, Scott. (2008). Defining a Ban on Secret Research. Inside Higher Ed. March 13. Retrieved March 15, 2008, from
http://insidehighered.com/news/2008/03/13/anthro

Jaschik, Scott. (2008). Originality, imitation and plagiarism. Inside Higher Ed. April 3. Retrieved April 3, 3008, from
http://insidehighered.com/news/2008/04/03/writing

Jaschik, Scott. (2008). A Pentagon olive branch to academe. Insidge Higher Ed. April 16. Retrieved April 16, 2008, from
http://insidehighered.com/news/2008/04/16/minerva

JBHE. (1997). No surprise here! Almost no Black faculty members in the field of anthropology. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education (16) Summer: 37-39.

Jenkins, David. (1994). Object lessons and ethnographic displays: Museum exhibitions and the making of American Anthropology. Comparative Studies in Society and History 36(2): 242-270.

Jones, Delmos. J. (nd). Anthropology and the oppressed: A reflection on ‘native’ anthropology. NAPA Bulletin 16: 58-70.

Jordan, Glenn H. (1991). On ethnography in an intertextual situation: Reading narratives or deconstructing discourse? In Faye Harrison, ed., Decolonizing Anthropology: Moving Further Toward an Anthropology for Liberation, pp. 42-67. Washington, DC: Association of Black Anthropologists, American Anthropological Association.

Jorgensen, Joseph. (1971). On ethics and anthropology. Current Anthropology 12: 321-334.

Kuklick H. (1991). The savage within: The social history of British anthropology,
1885-1945. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Kuper, Adam. (1973). Anthropologists and anthropology: The British School 1922-1972. London: Allen Lane (Ch. 4, “Anthropology and Colonialism,” 123-149)

Kuper, Adam. (1993). Post-modernism, Cambridge and the Great Kalahari Debate. Social Anthropology 1: 57-71.

Kuper, Adam. (2003). The return of the native. Current Anthropology 44 (3) June: 389-402.

Kuper, Adam. (2005). The reinvention of primitive society: Transformations of a myth. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge.

Lattas, Andrew. (1993). Essentialism, memory and resistance: Aboriginality and the politics of authenticity. Oceania, 63 (3): 240-268.

Levi-Strauss, Claude. (1966). The scope of anthropology. Current Anthropology 7(2): 112-123.

Lewis, Diane. (1973). “Anthropology and Colonialism.” Current Anthropology 14(5) Dec: 581-602. [notes on this site, preliminary indexing]
ABSTRACT:
Anthropology emerged from the colonial expansion of Europe. Colonialism structured the relationship between anthropologists and the people they studied and had an effect on methodological and conceptual formulations in the discipline. For example, the role of “objective outsider” with its resultant professional exploitation of subject matter can be viewed as an academic manifestation of colonialism. Some of the biases inherent in this role are examined. With the liberation of formerly colonized peoples, the traditional role of the anthropologist has been undermined. This has resulted in an impasse between anthropologists and many of the people they formerly studied. The postcolonial era clearly calls for new roles for anthropologists and a more relevant set of methodologies and concepts. In the search for alternatives, consideration is given to the “native ethnography” of Europe and the insights springing from current educational innovations among Third World people in the United States. In this context, the advantages of a “native anthropology” are examined as one possible alternative.

Mafeje A. (1998). Anthropology and independent Africans: suicide or end of an era? African Sociological Review 2(1): 1-43.

Magubane, Bernard and James C. Faris. (1985). On the political relevance of anthropology. Dialectical Anthropology 9: 91-104.

Maquet, Jacques. (1964). Objectivity in anthropology. Current Anthropology 5: 47-55.

Marcus, George E. (1999). How anthropological curiosity consumes its own places of origin.” Cultural Anthropology 14 (3): 416-422.

Marcus, George E. and Michael M.J. Fischer, eds. (1986). Anthropology as cultural critique: An experimental moment in the human sciences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Massing. Michael. (2007). Iraq: The hudden human costs of war. The New York Review of Books 54 (20) December 20. Retrieved December 4, 2007, from http://www.nybooks.com/articles/20906.

Matera, Angelo. (2005). Into Iraq with “Generation Kill”: An interview with Evan Wright. Godspy, January 5. Retrieved December 4, 2007, from http://www.godspy.com/reviews/Into-Iraq-With-Generation-Kill-An-Interview-with-Evan-Wright-by-Angelo-Matera.cfm.

McFate, Montgomery. (2005). Anthropology and counterinsurgency: The strange story of their curious relationship. Military Review, March-April. Retrieved October 27, 2007, from http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/milreview/mcfate.pdf.
EXTRACT:
“SOMETHING MYSTERIOUS is going on inside the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD). Over the past 2 years, senior leaders have been calling for something unusual and unexpected-cultural knowledge of the adversary. In July 2004, retired Major General Robert H. Scales, Jr., wrote an article for the Naval War College’s Proceedings magazine that opposed the commonly held view within the U.S. military that success in war is best achieved by overwhelming technological advantage. Scales argues that the type of conflict we are now witnessing in Iraq requires “an exceptional ability to understand people, their culture, and their motivation….”

McFate, Montgomery. (2005). The military utility of understanding adversary culture. Joint Force Quarterly (38). Retrieved October 27, 2007, from http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jel/jfq_pubs/1038.pdf.
EXTRACT:
“Cultural knowledge and warfare are inextricably bound. Knowledge of one’s adversary as a means to improve military prowess has been sought since Herodotus studied his opponents’ conduct during the Persian Wars….”

McGrane, Bernard. (1999). Beyond anthropology: Society and the other. New York: Columbia University Press.

McIntosh, Ian. (2002). Defining oneself, and being defined as, indigenous. Anthropology Today 18(3) June [also see correspondence]: 23-25.

Memmi, Albert. 1967. The Colonizer and the Colonized. Boston: Beacon Press.

Michaelsen, Scott. (1999). The limits of multiculturalism: Interrogating the origins of American anthropology. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Morauta, Louise. (1979). Indigenous anthropology in Papua New Guinea. Current Anthropology 20 (3): 561-576.

Mudimbe V.Y. (1988). The invention of Africa: Gnosis, philosophy and the order of
knowledge. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Nash, June. (1980). A critique of social science roles in Latin America. In June Nash and Helen Safa, eds., Sex and Class in Latin America, pp. 1-21. Massachusetts: Bergin & Garvey.

Ngugi W.T. (1986). Decolonising the mind: The politics of language in African literature.
Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

Nkrumah Kwame. (1970). Consciencism: Philosophy and ideology for decolonization. New York: Monthly Review Press.

Ntarangwi, Mwenda; David Mills and Mustafa Babiker, eds. (2006). African anthropologies: History, critique, and practice. London: Zed Books.

Packer, George. (2006/12/18). Knowing the enemy: Can social scientists redefine the “war on terror”? The New Yorker. Retrieved October 5, 2007, from http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/12/18/061218fa_fact2?printable=true.

Peirano, Mariza G. S. (1998). When anthropology is at home: The different contexts of a single discipline. Annual Review of Anthropology 27: 105-128.

Pels, Peter. (1997). The anthropology of colonialism: Culture, history, and the emergence of Western governmentality. Annual Review of Anthropology 26: 163-183.

Pels, Peter and Oscar Salemink. (1999). Introduction: locating the colonial subjects of Anthropology. In Peter Pels and Oscar Salemink, eds., Colonial Subjects: Essays on the Practical History of Anthropology, pp. 1-52. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Price, David. (2000). Anthropologists as spies. The Nation, November 20. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://www.thenation.com/doc/20001120/price.

Price, David. (2007). Pilfered scholarship devastates General Petraeus’s Counterinsurgency Manual. CounterPunch, October 30. Retrieved October 31, 2007, from http://www.counterpunch.org/price10302007.html.

Rainger, Ronald. (1978). Race, politics, and science: The Anthropological Society of London in the 1860s. Victorian Studies 22(1): 51-70.

Raven, Diederick. (1995). The paradox of post-modern ethnocentrism. In Karin Geuijen, et al, eds., Post-Modernism and Anthropology: Theory and Practice, pp. 179-202. Assen, The Netherlands: Van Gorcum.

Redden, Elizabeth. (2007). Secrecy and anthropology. Inside Higher Ed. December 3. Retrieved December 3, 2007, from http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2007/12/03/anthro

Riley, Kate. (2007/10/7). Anthropology: The Great Divide. The Seattle Times. Retrieved October 5, 2007, from http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/opinion/2003928193_sundayanthro07.html.

Rohde, David. (2007/10/5). Army Enlists Anthropology in War Zones. The New York Times. Retrieved October 5, 2007, from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/05/world/asia/05afghan.html?ei=5070&en=43b7c2fc6edcd8fe&ex=1192248000&emc=eta1&pagewanted=all.

Rowe, John Howland. (1974). The Renaissance foundations of anthropology. In Regna Darnell, ed., Readings in the History of Anthropology, pp. 61-77. New York: Harper & Row.

Sanjek, Roger. (1993). Anthropology’s hidden colonialism: Assistants and their ethnographers. Anthropology Today 9 (2) Apr: 13-18.

Sarana, Gopala, and Dharni P. Sinha. (1976). Status of social-cultural anthropology in India. Annual Review of Anthropology 5: 209-225.

Schumaker, Lyn. (1999). Constructing racial landscapes: Africans, administrators, and anthropologists in Northern Rhodesia. In Peter Pels and Oscar Salemink, eds., Colonial Subjects: Essays on the Practical History of Anthropology, pp. 326-351. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Scott, David. (1992). Anthropology and colonial discourse: Aspects of the demonological construction of Sinhala cultural practice. Cultural Anthropology 7 (3): 301-326.

Seattle Post Intelligencer. (2007/10/4). Senate panel OKs bill that could return Kennewick Man to tribes. Retrieved October 4, 2007, from http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/6420AP_WST_Kennewick_Man.html.

Scheper-Hughes, Nancy. (2001). Ishi’s brain, Ishi’s ashes: Anthropology and genocide. Anthropology Today 17 (1): 12-18.

Shachtman, Noah. (2007). Army social scientists calm Afghanistan, make enemies at home. Wired. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://www.wired.com/politics/security/news/2007/11/human_terrain?currentPage=all

Shweder, Richard A. (2007). A true culture war. The New York Times, October 27. Retrieved October 27, 2007, from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/27/opinion/27shweder.html?ex=1351137600&en=34fe446b495a6360&ei=5124
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Sissons, Jeffrey. (2005). First peoples: Indigenous cultures and their futures. London: Reaktion Books.

Smith, Andrea L. (1994). Colonialism and the poisoning of europe: Towards an anthropology of colonists. Journal of Anthropological Research 50 (4): 383-393.

Stannard, Matthew B. (2007/04/29). Montgomery McFate’s Mission: Can one anthropologist possible steer the course in Iraq? San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved October 5, 2007, from http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/04/29/CMGHQP19VD1.DTL.

Stavenhagen, Rodolfo. (1971). Decolonizing applied social sciences. Human Organization 30(4): 333-357.

Stille, Alexander. (2003). Experts can help rebuild a country. The New York Times, 19 July. Retrieved 12 May, 2008, from:
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/journalism/stille/Politics%20Fall%202007/Readings%20–%20Weeks%201-5/
Stille,%20Experts%20Help%20Rebuild%20A%20Country.htm

Stolcke, Verena. (1995). Talking culture: New boundaries, new rhetorics of exclusion in Europe. Current Anthropology 36(1): 1-24.

Thomas, Nicholas. (1991). Against ethnography. Cultural Anthropology 6 (3): 306-322.

Toth, Margaret A. (2007). Decolonizing pedagogy: Teaching Louise Erdrich’s The Bingo Palace. Studies in American Indian Literatures 19(1): 91-116, 119.

Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. (1995). Silencing the past: Power and the production of history. Boston: Beacon.

Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. (2003). Global transformations: Anthropology and the modern world. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

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